Understanding Hepatitis: Types and Prevention

Hepatitis is an infection that affects the liver, which is an important organ in our bodies that helps us digest food, store energy, and remove toxins. There are several types of hepatitis, each caused by different viruses. Understanding these types and knowing how to protect yourself is crucial for your health.

Types of Hepatitis

  1. Hepatitis A

    • Hepatitis A is caused by ingesting contaminated food or water. It's often seen in areas with poor sanitation. The good news is that Hepatitis A usually goes away on its own, and a vaccine is available to prevent it.

  2. Hepatitis B

    • Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person. This can happen through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to baby during childbirth. While some people can recover from Hepatitis B, it can also become a long-term issue (chronic Hepatitis B) that may lead to serious liver diseases, including liver cancer. Vaccination is available and is the best way to prevent Hepatitis B.

  3. Hepatitis C

    • Hepatitis C is mainly spread through sharing needles or other equipment to inject drugs, but can also be spread though more aggressive sex practices e.g. fisting or group sex. Unlike Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C is now treatable with medicine that can cure the infection in most people. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid long-lasting damage to the liver.

  4. Hepatitis D

    • This is a less common type of hepatitis only found in people infected with Hepatitis B. It is transmitted in similar ways and can make Hepatitis B even more severe. Preventing Hepatitis B through vaccination also helps prevent Hepatitis D.

  5. Hepatitis E

    • Hepatitis E is usually found in countries with poor sanitation and is spread through contaminated water. Like Hepatitis A, it often resolves on its own, but there are vaccines in some countries.

Focus on Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection that can be preventable through vaccination. In the UK, the NHS recommends that all teenagers and adults who are at risk get vaccinated. This includes individuals in high-risk groups such as those who have multiple sexual partners, same sex male partners, commercial sex workers and their clients, people who inject or snort drugs and their sexual partners, or healthcare workers.

Why Vaccination is Important

Receiving the Hepatitis B vaccine is the best way to protect yourself. Once vaccinated, you will have immunity against the virus. If you do get infected with Hepatitis B, there is currently no cure for the chronic form, which means you'll have to manage the virus for the rest of your life. Chronic Hepatitis B can lead to severe liver problems over time, increasing the risk of developing liver cancer and requiring continuous medical care.

NHS Services and Local Support

In the UK, vaccinations for Hepatitis B are available through NHS services, and if you’re in a high-risk group, you might be eligible for the vaccine at no cost. Additionally, you can visit your local sexual health clinic for free advice and services. They can provide testing and vaccination to ensure you are protected against hepatitis infections.

It’s easy to access these services. A simple visit to your GP can direct you to local clinics where you can receive help and advice concerning Hepatitis B and other types of hepatitis.

Click here for more on testing for hepatitis.

Symptoms of Hepatitis B

Not everyone with Hepatitis B shows symptoms, which is why regular testing is so important. Some symptoms to be aware of include:

  • Fatigue

  • Abdominal pain, especially in the liver area

  • Dark urine

  • Light-coloured stools

  • Joint pain

  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

If you experience any of these symptoms or think you might be at risk, consult a healthcare provider immediately.

Conclusion

Understanding hepatitis and its types is essential for protecting your liver and overall health. Vaccination is the best preventive measure against Hepatitis B, a serious disease that can lead to lifelong complications. The NHS provides easy access to vaccination and testing at local sexual health clinics. Take an active role in your health by getting vaccinated and knowing your hepatitis status.

By staying informed and making use of available resources, you can significantly reduce your risk of hepatitis infections and lead a healthier life.