The Contraceptive Pill: A Complete Guide

The contraceptive pill, often simply called "the pill," is a popular method of preventing pregnancy. It contains hormones that regulate a woman's menstrual cycle and help prevent ovulation. This article will explore the types of contraceptive pills available, how to take them, where to obtain them, their risks and benefits, and what to do if you miss a pill.

Types of Contraceptive Pills

There are two main types of contraceptive pills:

1. Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP)

  • What it is: The COCP contains two hormones, oestrogen (also spelled estrogen in USA) and progesterone.

  • How it works: It prevents ovulation, thickens cervical mucus to block sperm, and thins the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation if fertilisation occurs.

How to Take the COCP:

  • Daily: Take one pill at the same time every day for 21 days.

  • Break: After 21 days, do not take pills for 5-7 days (or take sugar pills if included) during which you will usually have a withdrawal bleed.

Where to Obtain the COCP:

  • Prescription: The COCP requires a prescription, which can be obtained from your GP surgery or a family planning clinic.

Risks:

  • Increased risk of blood clots and breast cancer (small risk)

  • Headaches

  • Mood changes

  • Nausea

Benefits:

  • Highly effective when taken correctly

  • Can regulate menstrual cycles

  • May reduce menstrual cramps and acne

Missed Pill Rules:

  • If you miss one pill, take it as soon as you remember, even if it means taking two pills in one day. Continue taking the rest of your pills as usual.

  • If you miss two or more, follow the instructions provided with your pill pack or consult a healthcare provider, GP or sexual health service.

2. Progestin-Only Pill (Mini-Pill)

  • What it is: The mini-pill contains only progesterone and is suitable for women who cannot take oestrogen.

  • How it works: Similar to COCP, it thickens cervical mucus and may prevent ovulation.

How to Take the Mini-Pill:

  • Daily: Take one pill at the same time every day, without a break.

Where to Obtain the Mini-Pill:

  • Prescription: The mini-pill also requires a prescription from a healthcare provider, GP, sexual health clinic or on-line. Click here for the on-line service.

Risks:

  • Slightly less effective than the COCP

  • Irregular bleeding or spotting, may also stop your periods.

  • Mood swings

Benefits:

  • Suitable for breastfeeding mothers

  • No risk of oestrogen-related side effects

Missed Pill Rules:

  • If you miss a pill by more than 12 hours (depends on the type of progesterone pill, some types require the pill to be taken within a 3 hour window), take the missed pill as soon as you remember and use additional contraception (like condoms) for the next 48 hours.

  • If you miss more than one pill, consult your healthcare provider (GP or sexual health center) for advice on what to do.

Conclusion

The contraceptive pill is a reliable form of birth control when used correctly. Understanding the different types, how to take them, and what to do in case of missed pills is essential for effective use. Always consult with a healthcare provider to determine which type of pill is best for you, taking into account your health history and personal preferences. Being informed about the risks and benefits will empower you to make the best decisions for your sexual health.